European Conflict
Henry's decision to leave the Catholic Church may have been popular with English Protestants, but it caused some conflict in England and the rest of the European continent. In England, Catholics were forced to formally acknowledge Henry as Supreme Head of the Church of England. Even Mary, Henry's staunchly Catholic daughter, was forced to recognize Henry as head of the Anglican Church. This went against the Catholics' belief that the Pope is God's representative on Earth. Henry's choice also caused turmoil throughout the rest of Europe. Pope Clement VII excommunicated Henry, and many of the European Catholic monarchs, such as Charles V, went against Henry and refused to support his new Anglican Church and his new wife, Anne Boleyn.